Ireland in the EU: External Policies
From Department of Foreign Affairs
Published on
Last updated on
From Department of Foreign Affairs
Published on
Last updated on
The European Union plays an important role in international affairs through diplomacy, trade, peacekeeping and development. As an EU Member State, Ireland contributes to this role through our involvement in the Union’s external policy development and implementation.
EU external policies are aimed at regions and countries outside of the current European Union. They are overseen by European Institutions and EU member states.
The European Commission oversees key EU policies, such as enlargement, development co-operation, humanitarian aid and trade.
The member states of the EU oversee the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) when they come together in the Foreign Affairs Council.
The EU’s foreign policy chief, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, is currently Josep Borrell. He helps to co-ordinate the EU’s external action and represents the EU on a global level in areas of foreign and security policy.
He is also a member of the European Commission and is assisted in his duties by the European External Action Service (EEAS), the EU’s diplomatic service.
One of the EU’s most successful policies has been offering countries the chance to join the Union. To become a member of the EU, candidate countries must comply with EU legislation and fulfil the Copenhagen Criteria for EU entry.
Enlargement is managed by the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union, in consultation with the European Commission and the Council of the EU.
There have been seven enlargements of the EU and currently there are 27 Member States. Ireland was part of the first enlargement in 1973 along with Denmark and the United Kingdom. The most recent enlargement was on 1 July 2013 when Croatia joined the European Union.
Ireland supports EU enlargement and during our Presidency of the European Union in 2013 we took forward the process in relation to the five candidate countries at the time – Iceland, Turkey, Montenegro, Serbia and the Republic of North Macedonia. Since then, Albania, Ukraine, Moldova, and Bosnia and Herzegovina have been granted candidate status, and Georgia and Kosovo have applied for EU membership, while Iceland has indicated that it should no longer be regarded as a candidate country for EU membership.
The EU is the largest trading bloc in the world with just over 500 million consumers and it manages trade relations with countries outside this bloc through its trade policy.
The EU is constantly negotiating trade agreements with different regions and countries around the world. Some of the most recent agreements covered countries such as South Korea and Peru.
Trade policy is an exclusive power of the EU – so only the EU, and not individual Member States, can negotiate and conclude international trade agreements with individual countries. The European Parliament decides jointly with the Council of the EU on how this policy will be made and implemented.
Development assistance is at the heart of the EU’s external relations, along with foreign, security and trade policies. Its objectives include fostering sustainable development and eradicating extreme poverty. European development policy also prioritises the achievement of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals.
- addresses human suffering, with particular attention to the most vulnerable groups of people, while respecting the dignity of all victims (humanity);
- does not favour any side in a conflict (neutrality);
- is provided solely on the basis of needs, without any kind of discrimination (impartiality);
- is independent of any agenda, be it political, economic, military or else (independence).
Together, the EU and its 27 member states are one of the leading humanitarian donors. In 2023, the EU will provide €1.7 billion in humanitarian aid, responding to increasing global needs.
The European Union plays an important role in international affairs through diplomacy, trade, peacekeeping and development. As an EU Member State, Ireland contributes to this role through our involvement in the Union’s external policy development and implementation.
The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) allows the EU to act in a unified way on foreign policy and security issues and increases political co-operation between EU Member States. The CFSP allows the EU to adopt external responses to international security or defence situations including:
We work with other Irish government departments, particularly the Department of Defence, to manage Ireland’s involvement in CSDP activities. In recent years, this has included the deployment of Irish Defence Forces personnel to EU-led missions and operations overseas in Mali, Bosnia & Herzegovina in addition to EU-led civilian missions in Libya, Mali, Niger, Somalia, Kosovo, Georgia, Ukraine, Iraq, the Central African Republic and the Palestinian Territories.
Ireland continues to engage actively in the EU’s CSDP, including in the implementation of the Strategic Compass, a key policy document that outlines the way forward for the EU in the field of security and defence for the next ten years. The Strategic Compass sets out the reality of the current European security environment, notably in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. It then proposes a series of actions and deliverables in areas such as crisis management, resilience, capability development and partnerships with key international actors, including the United Nations.